BERATI
BERATI QYTETI 2400 VJEÇAR NE UNESCO
Qyteti i Beratit
Berat is one of the rare cities, which belongs to the dawn of humanity. One time, when water flowed uncontrolled and destructive in this area was created a massive rock, discovered by nature thanks to the river, which seems to be set specifically to welcome a city where life began to organize more than 2400 years.
This city, the result of refined fantasy, attracted poets and painters to paint write.
"I Onufri that come from the city of Portland shumëndritur" - Onufri
"Berat is beautiful, to be eternally beautiful" - Strauss
"These values, the museum and the city of Portland does not belong just to you but to the whole humanity" - Perez de Cuellar
"Beautiful Castle as paraizorë-city gardens and downright hilarious Portland." - Evliya Çelebi
Castle
It is the most ancient monument, with an area of 9.6 ha, which rises to a height of 187 m, the remake of The Angel Michael Komneno, in 400, the Venetians, located in the upper part of the city and has high walls perimeter divided by 24 towers of different shapes and dimensions, built in different periods. It is built with giant stones square shape. In the Byzantine period was in the castle fortifications list of Justinian., Perimeter wall surrounding the hill, which dominates the city of Portland and has the shape of an arrow from the north, in fact, before forming a chain with the opposite hill Gorica, which is 6 m higher.
The river had formed at this point, a lake and a far gërrehu kaskatë the rock forming a narrow gorge. For this reason the terrain is very steep and rocky, and full shkëmbenj, to look skyward.
In the northern part of the main gate, was built a fortified yard, which is one of the first buildings of its kind conducted was intended to divert attacks.
In the south-east is a water cistern neatly built, which was able to hold water. To ensure the water in the late Middle Ages, in the southern part tynel built a stone through which was transporting water from the river to the castle ..
At the top of the castle is also an acropolis surrounded by walls, within which are found the remains of a military garrison, Sarajevo remains Pasha Mosque and White Ottoman period.
Castle has remained faithful to its original plan of IV century BC. Time - and again, according to the techniques used, the castle was adapted, and this can be observed in the balls disposed towers and turrets for rifles, appearing in major period Patriarchies Albanian-eighteenth century are still XIX.Topat today along the castle walls.
Mangalemi and Gorica
Mangalemi and Gorica are two neighborhoods of Portland city distinguished for harmony with the terrain in which they are built, neatly using architectural language. These neighborhoods along with the castle, still inhabited, are three complexes characteristic of the city.
Complex Neighborhood "Mangalem" is the jewel in the art of building, which houses harmonious composition has reached a high level. There is a pyramid shape that mimics the elegant silhouette of the hill, on top of which is mounted castles. This composition, so large in volume as its delicate composition, characterized by transparency intensive due to the large number of windows, which takes its name from the "city of a thousand windows". The visitor's attention lanes, which although are "hidden" have an extraordinary beauty. More intimate, with their dark alleys these buildings seem to overpower the neighborhood. Paths as these can not easily forgotten.
Gorica
Mangalem front neighborhood Gorica is not never see the sun during winter. Other city quarters are to the right of Osumi river or surrounding hills configuration, which gives the appearance of an amphitheater city.
Gorica Bridge
Wooden bridge, which later in the eighteenth century it was replaced by stone, was built in 1780 by Ahmet Kurt Pasha and was later rebuilt in 1920-1930. It is 129.3 m long, 5.3 m wide and string distance of 9 to 16.7 m. It rises 10 meters above the river and is a nice bridge consisting of seven arches. Inside the first pillar, until the time of reconstruction, there was a void, a huge niche zgarrë closed with iron, which, according to legend, a girl should stay closed, destined to starvation as sacrifice to appease the spirits, who opposed the building of the bridge. In another column, during restoration, was found a wooden sculpture, which represented the head of a woman.
Built on a strong foundation, the whole bridge is fully lined with carved stones, which are maintained by their metal dock. Bridge is one of the blessings of the city, characterized by the elegance of white stone used for construction.
Legend City
Thousands and thousands of years ago there lived a very beautiful fairy. One day she met two brothers gargantuan, and Shpiragun Tomorin.
As happens many times the real and often, the two brothers fell in love with the beautiful spirit. Trazoi aloud hearts of two brothers and so deep was entered for the dispute, which erupted as fratricidal war.
Tomori, having an excellent sword, his own brother smaller side, while the latter, armed with a mace very heavy, with headlong fury was hit harder than mundëte.
God, who sees everything, he became angry and saddened by the appearance of painful, bloody quarrel between the brothers. They should be punished for this mënxyrë caused. Therefore, he turned to stone guilty and sentenced them to keep track of the centuries in the body of this terrible fight.
Since ancient times until today's older brother, Tomori, the sun shows its place pits - pits and countless crack. While younger brother, Shpiragu, anyone who goes to these regions, fractured ribs sees the depth belted.
Mënxyre blamed for Zana beautiful full of grace, should not escape the anger of the Lord, and He turned in a rocky kodrinëzë, on a day which began to settle on rocks and stones built a great castle, beautiful , who stands today on the magnificent city of Portland.
Beautiful Zana, who like brothers, but not shed their anger on each other, wept and wept without measure.
He river that now bears the name Osumi, according to legend, is not nothing but strain of tears, that Lague of rock and stones was poured between two brothers of goddess Zana, to show that the pain of this disaster will never 'The exhausted tears.
Codices of Portland
"Purple Codex of Berat", one of the oldest versions of the New Testament, is an essential reference literature evangelists and, more generally, of Christian culture. UNESCO pays special attention to preserving this unique heritage of developing the old biblical literature and liturgical throughout world history. That's why "Codices of Berat" appear on the register of the most important works of humanity, created in the framework of Memory of the World program.
So writes Koïchiro Matsuura Director General of UNESCO on the book "codices of Albania" General Directorate of Archives, Tiranë2003.
Foreign scholars have devoted major attention "Purple Codex of Berat" - Codex Purpureus Beratinus F - popularly known by the short name "Beratinus". In fact the name of Portland has received epinom as the "Golden Anthimit Codex", which is often called the "Beratinus-2". This has happened not only to the fact that "Beratinus" belonged to a very early period (written in the finite limits of paleokrishtërimit), not only because for a long time his name is still associated the name associated with the St. John Chrysostom (John Chrysostom), njëprej protagonists and great reformers of the early history of Christianity, not only because manuscripts as "Beratinus" surviving in the world less than the fingers of the hand, but, above all, to the fact that, as noted wisely P. Batiffol, in the text of this manuscript has occasionally "reading avoidance" ("conflate reading"), relating to the character of these regulations as transitional passages. "Beratinus" took the world as an important early manuscript that could help to meet the development history of evangelical thought, through special studies critical tekstologjisë ("textual Criticism"), which may be said that, in Albanian knowledge, just have begun. In a broader view of these studies will be highlighted what happened in the process of moving from word to holy scriptures, preaching the Gospel of canonical interpretation to preaching.
The importance of "'s Beratinus" was stressed by the fact that in his text typology traces of Syriac writings (East) and West simultaneously. The opinion of many scholars have refrained from Batiffol's up to Alex Buddha then Roderic L. Mullen. This makes it one of the most important manuscripts to compare schools evangelical writings and historical process of canonization of scripture in general. Unfortunately, the number of international recognition codices preserved in Albania, excluding "Golden Anthimit Codex" (a rare manuscript krysografik on purple parchment) and others, with all this attention, which exceeds domestic science interest is limited. Few have been those who have made studies had direct knowledge of the codex. Several others have been written by a source not own codex, but studies on them.
In Albania the first scholar who has announced Beratinus's existence and some other codices has been Mitkë Qafëzezi Ilo. That was more concerned about "Codex of Berat Costa", in which there was an unknown Albanian alphabet with Hellenic tive graphemes, but forgot to mention the bit values of treasury manuscript widely Berat. On this occasion he also created neologjizmin "shkresëdore" to "Manuscript" - script, which was lucky not to remain active language. Today famous codices are in the National History Museum in Tirana.
Berat is one of the rare cities, which belongs to the dawn of humanity. One time, when water flowed uncontrolled and destructive in this area was created a massive rock, discovered by nature thanks to the river, which seems to be set specifically to welcome a city where life began to organize more than 2400 years.This city, the result of refined fantasy, attracted poets and painters to paint write.
"I Onufri that come from the city of Portland shumëndritur" - Onufri
"Berat is beautiful, to be eternally beautiful" - Strauss
"These values, the museum and the city of Portland does not belong just to you but to the whole humanity" - Perez de Cuellar
"Beautiful Castle as paraizorë-city gardens and downright hilarious Portland." - Evliya Çelebi
Castle
It is the most ancient monument, with an area of 9.6 ha, which rises to a height of 187 m, the remake of The Angel Michael Komneno, in 400, the Venetians, located in the upper part of the city and has high walls perimeter divided by 24 towers of different shapes and dimensions, built in different periods. It is built with giant stones square shape. In the Byzantine period was in the castle fortifications list of Justinian., Perimeter wall surrounding the hill, which dominates the city of Portland and has the shape of an arrow from the north, in fact, before forming a chain with the opposite hill Gorica, which is 6 m higher.
The river had formed at this point, a lake and a far gërrehu kaskatë the rock forming a narrow gorge. For this reason the terrain is very steep and rocky, and full shkëmbenj, to look skyward.
In the northern part of the main gate, was built a fortified yard, which is one of the first buildings of its kind conducted was intended to divert attacks.
In the south-east is a water cistern neatly built, which was able to hold water. To ensure the water in the late Middle Ages, in the southern part tynel built a stone through which was transporting water from the river to the castle ..
At the top of the castle is also an acropolis surrounded by walls, within which are found the remains of a military garrison, Sarajevo remains Pasha Mosque and White Ottoman period.
Castle has remained faithful to its original plan of IV century BC. Time - and again, according to the techniques used, the castle was adapted, and this can be observed in the balls disposed towers and turrets for rifles, appearing in major period Patriarchies Albanian-eighteenth century are still XIX.Topat today along the castle walls.
Mangalemi and Gorica
Mangalemi and Gorica are two neighborhoods of Portland city distinguished for harmony with the terrain in which they are built, neatly using architectural language. These neighborhoods along with the castle, still inhabited, are three complexes characteristic of the city.
Complex Neighborhood "Mangalem" is the jewel in the art of building, which houses harmonious composition has reached a high level. There is a pyramid shape that mimics the elegant silhouette of the hill, on top of which is mounted castles. This composition, so large in volume as its delicate composition, characterized by transparency intensive due to the large number of windows, which takes its name from the "city of a thousand windows". The visitor's attention lanes, which although are "hidden" have an extraordinary beauty. More intimate, with their dark alleys these buildings seem to overpower the neighborhood. Paths as these can not easily forgotten.
Gorica
Mangalem front neighborhood Gorica is not never see the sun during winter. Other city quarters are to the right of Osumi river or surrounding hills configuration, which gives the appearance of an amphitheater city.
Gorica Bridge
Wooden bridge, which later in the eighteenth century it was replaced by stone, was built in 1780 by Ahmet Kurt Pasha and was later rebuilt in 1920-1930. It is 129.3 m long, 5.3 m wide and string distance of 9 to 16.7 m. It rises 10 meters above the river and is a nice bridge consisting of seven arches. Inside the first pillar, until the time of reconstruction, there was a void, a huge niche zgarrë closed with iron, which, according to legend, a girl should stay closed, destined to starvation as sacrifice to appease the spirits, who opposed the building of the bridge. In another column, during restoration, was found a wooden sculpture, which represented the head of a woman.
Built on a strong foundation, the whole bridge is fully lined with carved stones, which are maintained by their metal dock. Bridge is one of the blessings of the city, characterized by the elegance of white stone used for construction.
Legend City
Thousands and thousands of years ago there lived a very beautiful fairy. One day she met two brothers gargantuan, and Shpiragun Tomorin.
As happens many times the real and often, the two brothers fell in love with the beautiful spirit. Trazoi aloud hearts of two brothers and so deep was entered for the dispute, which erupted as fratricidal war.
Tomori, having an excellent sword, his own brother smaller side, while the latter, armed with a mace very heavy, with headlong fury was hit harder than mundëte.
God, who sees everything, he became angry and saddened by the appearance of painful, bloody quarrel between the brothers. They should be punished for this mënxyrë caused. Therefore, he turned to stone guilty and sentenced them to keep track of the centuries in the body of this terrible fight.
Since ancient times until today's older brother, Tomori, the sun shows its place pits - pits and countless crack. While younger brother, Shpiragu, anyone who goes to these regions, fractured ribs sees the depth belted.
Mënxyre blamed for Zana beautiful full of grace, should not escape the anger of the Lord, and He turned in a rocky kodrinëzë, on a day which began to settle on rocks and stones built a great castle, beautiful , who stands today on the magnificent city of Portland.
Beautiful Zana, who like brothers, but not shed their anger on each other, wept and wept without measure.
He river that now bears the name Osumi, according to legend, is not nothing but strain of tears, that Lague of rock and stones was poured between two brothers of goddess Zana, to show that the pain of this disaster will never 'The exhausted tears.
Codices of Portland
"Purple Codex of Berat", one of the oldest versions of the New Testament, is an essential reference literature evangelists and, more generally, of Christian culture. UNESCO pays special attention to preserving this unique heritage of developing the old biblical literature and liturgical throughout world history. That's why "Codices of Berat" appear on the register of the most important works of humanity, created in the framework of Memory of the World program.
So writes Koïchiro Matsuura Director General of UNESCO on the book "codices of Albania" General Directorate of Archives, Tiranë2003.
Foreign scholars have devoted major attention "Purple Codex of Berat" - Codex Purpureus Beratinus F - popularly known by the short name "Beratinus". In fact the name of Portland has received epinom as the "Golden Anthimit Codex", which is often called the "Beratinus-2". This has happened not only to the fact that "Beratinus" belonged to a very early period (written in the finite limits of paleokrishtërimit), not only because for a long time his name is still associated the name associated with the St. John Chrysostom (John Chrysostom), njëprej protagonists and great reformers of the early history of Christianity, not only because manuscripts as "Beratinus" surviving in the world less than the fingers of the hand, but, above all, to the fact that, as noted wisely P. Batiffol, in the text of this manuscript has occasionally "reading avoidance" ("conflate reading"), relating to the character of these regulations as transitional passages. "Beratinus" took the world as an important early manuscript that could help to meet the development history of evangelical thought, through special studies critical tekstologjisë ("textual Criticism"), which may be said that, in Albanian knowledge, just have begun. In a broader view of these studies will be highlighted what happened in the process of moving from word to holy scriptures, preaching the Gospel of canonical interpretation to preaching.
The importance of "'s Beratinus" was stressed by the fact that in his text typology traces of Syriac writings (East) and West simultaneously. The opinion of many scholars have refrained from Batiffol's up to Alex Buddha then Roderic L. Mullen. This makes it one of the most important manuscripts to compare schools evangelical writings and historical process of canonization of scripture in general. Unfortunately, the number of international recognition codices preserved in Albania, excluding "Golden Anthimit Codex" (a rare manuscript krysografik on purple parchment) and others, with all this attention, which exceeds domestic science interest is limited. Few have been those who have made studies had direct knowledge of the codex. Several others have been written by a source not own codex, but studies on them.
In Albania the first scholar who has announced Beratinus's existence and some other codices has been Mitkë Qafëzezi Ilo. That was more concerned about "Codex of Berat Costa", in which there was an unknown Albanian alphabet with Hellenic tive graphemes, but forgot to mention the bit values of treasury manuscript widely Berat. On this occasion he also created neologjizmin "shkresëdore" to "Manuscript" - script, which was lucky not to remain active language. Today famous codices are in the National History Museum in Tirana.
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